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Pay Off Loans or Invest?

Put your extra cash toward the loan, or pay the minimum and invest the rest. See both paths, the break-even return, and how often investing actually wins.

Rules last verified Sep 25, 2026

These are example numbers. Answer a few questions and every calculator fills in with yours, saved in this browser.

Your loan

Loan type

Your extra cash

Try your “Available to spend” from My Plan

Taxable account. Physicians usually earn too much to deduct student loan interest.

At 7%, a close call

Investing ends $4,488 ahead after 10 years, but only about 55% of the time

To beat a guaranteed 5% by paying off the loan, investments need to earn 6.32% a year after tax on gains. Paying off gets you debt-free 5 yr 5 mo sooner.

A · Pay off first, then invest

$313,315

Portfolio after 10 years, after tax

Debt-free
4 yr 7 mo
Interest paid
$23,907
Risk
Guaranteed 5% on extra cash

B · Pay minimum, invest $2,000

$317,803

Portfolio after 10 years, after tax

Debt-free
10 yr
Interest paid
$54,557
Risk
Ahead in ~55% of simulations

Net worth on each path

Investments minus loan balance, before tax on gains, at a steady 7%

−$200,000$0$200,000$400,000Now2 yr4 yr6 yr8 yr10 yrA debt-free
Net worth on each path
PointA · Pay off first: $326,640 at 10 yrB · Invest: $342,103 at 10 yr
Now−$200,000−$200,000
2 yr−$117,189−$116,307
4 yr−$25,688−$21,782
6 yr$76,366$85,006
8 yr$193,050$205,686
10 yr$326,640$342,103

Educational estimate. Both paths spend the same $4,121 a month. The probability comes from 5,000 simulated return paths at 7% expected return and 15% volatility. Returns are not guaranteed; the loan rate is.